Primary - upper past of a bread - similar cases (корочка пирога), - harder layer over soft snow - “a sublem gloomy person” - imprudence. Sometime the secondary meaning may become the source of the following development of the meaning and these meanings are connected like a chain.

In cases of radiation the primary meaning stands in the centre and the secondary one proceeds out of it like rays. They are 1) radiation and 2) concotination. While analysing Polyseme we can come to the conclusion that there are 2 processes of the semantic development of a word. That's why most of words are polysemantic. In English as in many languages the number of meanings is large than the number of words. Polysemy does not intefere with the communicative functions of the language because in every particular case the situation or the context canceals all the meanings of the word but one makes the speech coherent. In different context we can observe cases of indentical or different meanings.Ī word which has more than 1 meaning is called polysemantic.ĭifferent meanings of a polysemantic word may come together due to prosimity of notions which they express. Polysemy exist only in the language, not in speech. This word calls the process of plurality of meaning. bottle - neck (metaphor), a head of a procession, Pentagon the first violing (metonymy), You're a nightmare (hyperbole), good - not bad, not bad - could be better (libote). To the momentary we can reffer metaphor ( the transfer of the meaning on the basis of comparison), metonymy (the transfer of the meaning on the basis of contiguity), hyperbole (exxageration), litote (the usage of negative instead of position and visa versa).Į.g. Steward, morshal (elev) - villian, blackquard (degr.) It means that the meaning of a word can become in the course of time more special or general, better or worse. To the gradual we reffer specialization, generalization, elevation and degradation.

Semantic changing can be gradual and momentary. This means is also reffened to the ways of enriching the vocabulary and it's connected with the different periods in the history of a language and the changing in it in the connection with this processes.

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